For the more than 100,000 people living with epilepsy in Wisconsin alone, the promise of a seizure-free life is moving closer to reality. While Hollywood often portrays seizures as dramatic full-body convulsions, the reality is far more varied, with some patients experiencing only subtle moments of confusion or staring spells. Now, advances in genetics and brain stimulation technology are opening new doors for treatment.
Dr. Barry Gidal, a clinical pharmacist and professor at UW-Madison who specializes in adult epilepsy, says the most exciting developments are coming from two areas. The first is genetics, where researchers are exploring gene therapy to address the root causes of seizures. “These are in the very nascent, early stages,” Gidal said, but the potential is significant. The second is electrical devices that can stimulate the brain to stop seizures before they fully take hold. Some of these devices are already reaching patients in clinical settings, offering a new option for those who do not respond well to medication.
Another breakthrough involves a purified form of cannabidiol (CBD), which is now FDA approved for epilepsy. Dr. Gidal stressed that this prescription medication is not the same as over-the-counter CBD oils or tinctures. Research from his lab found that many store-bought CBD products were contaminated with THC, contained far less CBD than advertised, and in some cases even had heavy metals like lead. “The over-the-counter stuff is ‘buyer beware,’” Gidal said, adding that only the prescription version can deliver the dosages proven effective in clinical trials.
Affordability and Access Remain Key Challenges
Even with promising new treatments, many patients struggle to afford their medications. Insurance coverage for newer drugs can be difficult to obtain, and Gidal noted that navigating prior authorizations, manufacturer rebates, and patient assistance programs is a constant struggle. He encourages patients to work closely with their pharmacists, who often know about financial aid options that physicians may not. “It’s not easy, and it is time consuming,” he said, but help is available.
Looking ahead, Dr. Gidal expressed concern about cuts to research funding, which he warned could slow progress in understanding the basic science needed to develop new treatments. Despite these challenges, he remains hopeful. “It’s the patients,” he said. “It’s an opportunity to make a difference.” The scientific community, he added, is deeply committed to finding a cure and improving quality of life for everyone living with epilepsy.